Rackets, Regulation, and the Rule of Law
نویسندگان
چکیده
Governments that levy predatory regulation and provide few weak legal institutions draw businesses into the unofficial economy and compel them to hire private protection organizations. Based on a survey of shopkeepers in three cities in Russia, we find that retail shops face very high levels of predatory regulation and have frequent contacts with private protection rackets. In addition, we show that higher levels of regulation are associated with weaker legal institutions and a higher probability of contact with a private protection organization. We also find that shopkeepers view private protection organizations primarily as a substitute for state-provided police protection and state-provided courts. These results emphasize the importance of public sector reform as a component of economic transition.
منابع مشابه
Effect of Ship Fuel Sulfur Reduction Law on Iranian Oil Price (IMO Law)
In recent decades, the increase of pollution from consumption of oil and petroleum products has led to development of many environmental laws. It is important for Iranian policy makers to be informed about the impact of such laws on oil prices, given the dependence of the country’s budget on oil revenues. Under a new International Maritime Organization regulation passed in mid-2016, ships are r...
متن کاملEffects of Implementing the Rule of Mitigation of Damages in Medical Law
Under theenforcing the law on damage, when patients are exposed to damage and injury when acting or leaving action on health-related factors such as physicians and laboratory officials, patients must take standard action to mitigate the loss or claim. Otherwise they will lose the right to defend themselves. The most important effect of this rule is that the assignment of a claim against a loss ...
متن کاملRelationship between the Rule of Law, Good Governance, and Sustainable Development
This paper reviews the relationship between the rule of law, good governance, and sustainable development as those terms are used by the relevant development organizations; describes the efforts made by various organizations to promote the rule of law and good governance; and addresses the need to strengthen compliance and enforcement for sustainable development. A recent movement, which has re...
متن کاملManifestation of the Rule of “Who owns you?” and Position of Ethics in Civil Law
Background: The rule "anyone who has the power over things" is one of the legal rules that the jurists of Islam have been referring to for more than a thousand years and it is very useful in trials and even administrative authorities. It is also one of the most important and practical rules in civil and jurisprudential law because it is closely related to confession, which is one of the main...
متن کاملThe rule of Mitigation of Damages in Medical Law and the Influence of Religious Beliefs in Applying this Rule (Comparative Study with American Law)
When one hurts or sustains a loss or damage due to harmful act, he or she shouldn't be motionless and after that, claim restitution but should act reasonably and do his or her best for blocking or decreasing of loss. The question is. Can this rule also apply to medical law? When patient hurts or subject to hurt because of physician's or other related persons' mistake, injured person should do a...
متن کامل